| Areas assessed |
4 parent behavior areas—Affection, Responsiveness, Encouragement, Teaching. |
| Who conducts it |
Home visitor, parent educator, early interventionist, early childhood teacher, infant mental health practitioner, social worker, nurse, and parents (self-assessment). |
| Where it is conducted |
In homes or other settings where parents and children are served. |
| When it is conducted |
No required administration times. Can be used at program entry throughout the year, and at program exit. |
| Age range of children |
10-47 months. Additional research being conducted with infants 4-10 months and children 4-6 years. |
| Number of items |
29 items, organized in 4 domains. |
| Sample item |
Item: Parent speaks in a warm tone of voice |
| Observation guidelines: Parent's voice is positive in tone and may show enthusiasm or tenderness. A parent who speaks little but very warmly should be coded highly. |
|
| Scores: 0 = "absent"—no behavior observed |
|
| 1 = "barely"—brief, minor, or emerging behavior |
|
| 2 = "clearly"—definite, strong, or frequent behavior |
|
| Time to complete |
10 minutes for observation. |
| Time to score |
1-2 minutes. |
| Scores provided |
Each item is rated with a value of 0(absent), 1(barely), or 2(clearly). Final score for each domain is a sum of individual item scores. A total of 4 domain scores provided. |
| Languages available |
English (paper forms) and Spanish (photocopiable from User's Guide). |
| Training |
Recommended DVD with 1-hour training presentation and 14 videos for scoring practice (available for purchase). In-person training also available through Brookes on Location (www.brookesonlocation.com). |
| Research sample |
More than 4,500 video observations of more than 2,000 families with diverse socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds. |
| Reliability |
Inter-rater reliability: 0.77. Scale reliability: 0.78. |
| Validity |
Content validity: Parenting behaviors rated 2.58 on importance scale of 0-3 Construct validity: r=0.62 Predictive validity: r=0.19-0.24 at age 3; r=0.23-0.25 at age 5 (overall child development) |
| Years in Development |
9 years. |