# Developing and Implementing  
**Intensive Individualized**  
**Interventions: Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Young Children**

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### Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Young Children

**NEW EDITION COMING SOON!** A practical, reader-friendly guide that explores how to improve social-emotional development and prevent challenging behaviors of young children in preschool settings. **[bpub.fyi/PTR-YC](http://bpub.fyi/PTR-YC)**

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# Today’s Session

⚫ **Importance of understanding challenging behavior**  
⚫ **Overview of PTR-YC: A model of individualized PBS**  
⚫ **Using Prevent strategies**

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### What is PTR-YC?
⚫ A model of individualized Positive Behavior Support designed for implementation in group settings (e.g., pre-K classrooms) serving young children.  
⚫ A standardized model designed to enhance.

## Who/What is it for?
⚫ Young children with the most severe (troublesome) challenging behaviors.  
⚫ Behaviors that have proven resistant to evidence-based universal and secondary procedures.  
⚫ To be used by classroom teams (including EC professionals) committed to helping children learn adaptive and appropriate social-emotional behaviors.

# Intensive Intervention

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## Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Young Children
**(PTR-YC)** ***by G. Dunlap, K. Wilson, P. Strain, & J.K. Lee***

## PTR-YC is part of the Pyramid Model

## Family of Products

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### Individualized Positive Behavior Support: Principles
⚫ **Challenging Behaviors** (and desirable behaviors) are maintained by their consequences.  
⚫ **Challenging Behaviors** occur in context.  
⚫ **Challenging Behaviors** are “communicative” – Purpose of the communication is the FUNCTION.

### Functions of Challenging Behaviors
⚫ To “Get” Something  
⚫ To “Avoid” Something  
⚫ An activity or a request or demand  
⚫ Attention (to be left alone)  
⚫ Discomfort of any kind  
⚫ A toy, a snack, etc.

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### Objectives of Individualized PBS
⚫ To **TEACH** improved skills (communication) for child to use instead of challenging behaviors.  
⚫ To **PREVENT** challenging behaviors by managing the antecedent context.  
⚫ To **REINFORCE** desirable behavior, and to avoid reinforcement for challenging behavior.

### Individualized Positive Behavior Support
⚫ Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Young Children is a model of Individualized Positive Behavior Support.  
⚫ Sometimes referred to as:  
– “Assessment-based PBS”  
– “Function-based PBS”

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### Some Features of PTR-YC
⚫ **Research-based Practices**  
⚫ Team-driven decision-making  
⚫ Manualized, with detailed steps for designing and implementing intervention plans  
⚫ All Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs) include at least 3 components:  
   – Prevent (antecedent manipulations)  
   – Teach (instruction on social-communication skills)  
   – Reinforce (consequences)

### Process of PTR-YC
1. Teaming and Goal Setting  
2. Practical Data Collection  
3. Functional Behavioral Assessment (PTR-YC Assessment)

#### Step 1: Teaming & Goal Setting
⚫ Identify relevant team members, including families, caregivers.  
⚫ Team meeting to discuss and identify goals.

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#### Step 2: Practical Data Collection  
⚫ Team identifies data to collect, using behavior rating scales.  
⚫ Data collection needs to be efficient, valid, and reliable.

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### Step 3: Functional Behavioral Assessment
⚫ Indirect measure in a checklist format to identify antecedents and environmental influences.  
⚫ Goal: gather as much relevant information as possible, develop hypothesis statement.

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### Step 4: Intervention
⚫ Menu of intervention options with complete descriptions; examples and considerations included.  
⚫ 3 categories of interventions – Prevent, Teach, Reinforce.  
⚫ Plans include at least 1 strategy from each category.

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### Step 5: Using Data for Data-based Decision Making & Next Steps
⚫ Progress monitoring.  
⚫ If progress is satisfactory, keep going.  
⚫ If progress is unsatisfactory, check fidelity and functional assessment.

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# Wrapping Up and Moving Forward
⚫ Meet periodically, consider adding behaviors to Behavior Intervention Plan, share with families and colleagues, celebrate successes.

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# Summary
⚫ Important to understand challenging behavior.  
⚫ PTR-YC, a 5-step process, is a model of individualized Positive Behavior Support.

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